series
Degas,
L’absinthe
Rops,
Le buveur d’absinthe
1877 Chamber of Deputies dissolved. Death of Thiers. Republican victory in legislative elections. Edward Muybridge creates the first moving pictures. Edison invents the cylinder phonograph. Ludwig Boltzmann: statistical definition of entropy. So-called ‘Baptism’ of the Naturalist school, around a restaurant table: Flaubert, Edmond de Goncourt, and Zola, with their young disciples Alexis, Céard, Hennique, Huysmans, and Mirbeau.
Flaubert,
Trois Contes
Zola,
L’Assommoir
Huysmans, ‘Émile Zola et
L’Assommoir
’
1878 Universal Exhibition in the Trocadéro; Congress of Berlin (break-up of Turkey, Austria to occupy Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus ceded to the English). Charcot starts clinical experiments with hypnosis at the Salpêtrière.
Duret,
Les Peintres impressionistes
Zola,
Une page d’amour
1879 MacMahon resigns as President; succeeded by Jules Grévy. Gambetta elected President of the Chambre des députés.
La Marseillaise
becomes the national anthem again. Reprint of Barbey’s
Un prêtre marié
forbidden by the archiepiscopate of Paris.
Maupassant publishes an article, ‘Gustave Flaubert’, in
La République des lettres
.
Huysmans,
Les Soeurs Vatard
Redon,
Dans le rêve
, lithographs
Rops illustrates Barbey’s
Les Diaboliques
1880 Anticlerical decrees order dispersion of the Society of Jesus and other congregations not recognized by the state. Final amnesty granted to participants in the Commune. Official institution of Bastille Day (14 July) as the
fête nationale
, and adoption of the
tricolore
. Maupassant is threatened with a court action for offence to public morals, for his poem
Une fille
; in the end no action is taken. Mallarmé institutes his famous salon,
les Mardis
, in the rue de Rome.
Barbey d’Aurevilly,
Goethe et Diderot
Maupassant,
Boule de suif
, gathered in the volume
Les Soirées de Médan
Huysmans,
Croquis parisiens
Mendès,
Les Mères ennemis
Rachilde,
Monsieur de la nouveauté
Villiers,
Le Nouveau-Monde
1881 Jules Ferry presides over the institution of free, secular, and compulsory primary education for all. Law ensuring freedom of the press. Large parts of Tunisia occupied, and France imposes a protectorate upon Tunis. Pasteur discovers anthrax vaccine.
Maupassant,
La Maison Tellier
Huysmans,
En ménage
Verlaine,
Sagesse
Flaubert,
Bouvard et Pécuchet
(published posthumously)
Cézanne,
Autoportrait
1882 Fall of Gambetta. The
Loi Jules Ferry
for primary education becomes law. The new Hôtel de Ville inaugurated, replacing the one destroyed by the Commune in 1871. Charcot begins studying cases of fetishism. Opening of the Grévin Wax Museum.
Barbey d’Aurevilly,
Une histoire sans nom
Maupassant,
Mademoiselle Fifi
Mendès,
Monstres parisiens
Wagner,
Parsifal
Redon,
Pour Edgar Poe
Renoir,
Baigneuse
1883 Death of the Comte de Chambord, last of the succession claiming divine right to the monarchy in France. Colonial wars in Indochina. Charcot starts his study of Satanism, and gathers documents for his Bibliothèque diabolique at the Salpêtrière.
Villiers,
Contes cruels
Paul Bourget,
Essais de psychologie contemporaine
Huysmans,
L’Art Moderne
(praise for Moreau and Redon, and for the Impressionists)
Maupassant,
Une vie
;
Contes de la Bécasse
Lorrain,
La Forêt bleue
Mendès,
Les Folies amoureuses
Ribot,
Les Maladies de la volonté
Rollinat,
Les Névroses
1884 Colonial expansion, annexation of Cambodia (Kampuchea) to Cochin-China. Legalization of divorce; trade unions legalized. Lewis Waterman invents the first practical fountain-pen; James Ritty invents the mechanical cash-register.
Huysmans,
A Rebours
(the ‘Bible of Decadence’)
Barbey d’Aurevilly,
Ce qui ne meurt pas
Maupassant,
Miss Harriet
;
Les Soeurs Rondoli
;
Yvette
(short stories)
Péladan,
Le Vice suprême
Rachilde,
Monsieur Vénus
Verlaine,
Les Poètes maudits
(studies of Corbière, Rimbaud, Mallarmé)
1885 Fall of Jules Ferry’s
Degas,
L’absinthe
Rops,
Le buveur d’absinthe
1877 Chamber of Deputies dissolved. Death of Thiers. Republican victory in legislative elections. Edward Muybridge creates the first moving pictures. Edison invents the cylinder phonograph. Ludwig Boltzmann: statistical definition of entropy. So-called ‘Baptism’ of the Naturalist school, around a restaurant table: Flaubert, Edmond de Goncourt, and Zola, with their young disciples Alexis, Céard, Hennique, Huysmans, and Mirbeau.
Flaubert,
Trois Contes
Zola,
L’Assommoir
Huysmans, ‘Émile Zola et
L’Assommoir
’
1878 Universal Exhibition in the Trocadéro; Congress of Berlin (break-up of Turkey, Austria to occupy Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus ceded to the English). Charcot starts clinical experiments with hypnosis at the Salpêtrière.
Duret,
Les Peintres impressionistes
Zola,
Une page d’amour
1879 MacMahon resigns as President; succeeded by Jules Grévy. Gambetta elected President of the Chambre des députés.
La Marseillaise
becomes the national anthem again. Reprint of Barbey’s
Un prêtre marié
forbidden by the archiepiscopate of Paris.
Maupassant publishes an article, ‘Gustave Flaubert’, in
La République des lettres
.
Huysmans,
Les Soeurs Vatard
Redon,
Dans le rêve
, lithographs
Rops illustrates Barbey’s
Les Diaboliques
1880 Anticlerical decrees order dispersion of the Society of Jesus and other congregations not recognized by the state. Final amnesty granted to participants in the Commune. Official institution of Bastille Day (14 July) as the
fête nationale
, and adoption of the
tricolore
. Maupassant is threatened with a court action for offence to public morals, for his poem
Une fille
; in the end no action is taken. Mallarmé institutes his famous salon,
les Mardis
, in the rue de Rome.
Barbey d’Aurevilly,
Goethe et Diderot
Maupassant,
Boule de suif
, gathered in the volume
Les Soirées de Médan
Huysmans,
Croquis parisiens
Mendès,
Les Mères ennemis
Rachilde,
Monsieur de la nouveauté
Villiers,
Le Nouveau-Monde
1881 Jules Ferry presides over the institution of free, secular, and compulsory primary education for all. Law ensuring freedom of the press. Large parts of Tunisia occupied, and France imposes a protectorate upon Tunis. Pasteur discovers anthrax vaccine.
Maupassant,
La Maison Tellier
Huysmans,
En ménage
Verlaine,
Sagesse
Flaubert,
Bouvard et Pécuchet
(published posthumously)
Cézanne,
Autoportrait
1882 Fall of Gambetta. The
Loi Jules Ferry
for primary education becomes law. The new Hôtel de Ville inaugurated, replacing the one destroyed by the Commune in 1871. Charcot begins studying cases of fetishism. Opening of the Grévin Wax Museum.
Barbey d’Aurevilly,
Une histoire sans nom
Maupassant,
Mademoiselle Fifi
Mendès,
Monstres parisiens
Wagner,
Parsifal
Redon,
Pour Edgar Poe
Renoir,
Baigneuse
1883 Death of the Comte de Chambord, last of the succession claiming divine right to the monarchy in France. Colonial wars in Indochina. Charcot starts his study of Satanism, and gathers documents for his Bibliothèque diabolique at the Salpêtrière.
Villiers,
Contes cruels
Paul Bourget,
Essais de psychologie contemporaine
Huysmans,
L’Art Moderne
(praise for Moreau and Redon, and for the Impressionists)
Maupassant,
Une vie
;
Contes de la Bécasse
Lorrain,
La Forêt bleue
Mendès,
Les Folies amoureuses
Ribot,
Les Maladies de la volonté
Rollinat,
Les Névroses
1884 Colonial expansion, annexation of Cambodia (Kampuchea) to Cochin-China. Legalization of divorce; trade unions legalized. Lewis Waterman invents the first practical fountain-pen; James Ritty invents the mechanical cash-register.
Huysmans,
A Rebours
(the ‘Bible of Decadence’)
Barbey d’Aurevilly,
Ce qui ne meurt pas
Maupassant,
Miss Harriet
;
Les Soeurs Rondoli
;
Yvette
(short stories)
Péladan,
Le Vice suprême
Rachilde,
Monsieur Vénus
Verlaine,
Les Poètes maudits
(studies of Corbière, Rimbaud, Mallarmé)
1885 Fall of Jules Ferry’s
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