Pain by Keith Wailoo Page A

the discussion in Scott Fishman,
The War on Pain: How Breakthroughs in the New Field of Pain Medicine Are Turning the Tide against Suffering
(New York: Harper Collins, 2000), 47.
    68 . On learned helplessness, see Martin Seligman, “Learned Helplessness,”
Annual Review of Medicine
23 (1972): 407–12; for “I share your concern …,” see letter from Steven Brena to John Bonica, 1982, Box 1, Folder 91 “Brena, Steven,” John Bonica Papers.
    69 . Helen Neal,
The Politics of Pain
(New York: McGraw Hill, 1978). As one report noted, “American doctors are not allowed by law to use heroin which has been banned since 1924. In Britain heroin has been found to be indispensable in 10% of cancer pain largely because less is needed than morphine, it can have fewer side effects and it can be taken orally.” Derek Humphry, “Dying Patients—Pain Control: Is Everything Being Done?”
Los Angeles Times
, January 4, 1979, B1. On other alternatives to drugs and surgery ranging from biofeedback to“grinning and bearing it,” see Ronald Kotulak, “How Pain-Killing Drugs Can Cause More Pain,”
Chicago Tribune
, September 11, 1977, 1; Marilyn Ferguson, “Use of Mind to Overcome Pain Explored,”
Hartford Courant
, November 11, 1973, 4A. “Pain: Medical Science Begins to Take It Seriously,”
U.S. News & World Report
, August 1, 1977, 61.
    70 . For “losers … whose learned …,” see “Pain: Where Does It Hurt?,”
NBC News
, discussed in Clarence Petersen, “Ouch! Hurt Feelings Can Be a Real Pain,”
Chicago Tribune
, March 28, 1972, B11. For a later commentary, see H. C. Pheasant, “Backache–Its Nature, Incidence and Cost,”
Western Journal of Medicine
126(1977): 330–32. The phrase “low back loser” built on the work of lowback pain scholars. R. A. Sternbach, R. W. Murphy, W. H. Akeson, and S. R. Wolf, “Chronic Low-Back Pain—the ‘Low-Back Loser,’”
Postgraduate Medicine
53 (May 1973). For “pain is not …,” see Miranda v. Richardson 514 F.2d 996 (1st Cir., April 14, 1975) (75 Ford Administration).
Chapter Three: The Conservative Case against Learned Helplessness
    1 . “‘Welfare Queen’ Loses Her Cadillac Limousine,”
New York Times
, February 29, 1976, 42; Dan Miller, “The Chutzpah Queen: Favorite Reagan Target as Welfare Cheat Remains Unflappable at Trial in Chicago,”
Washington Post
, March 13, 1977, 3. For insight on the Reagan years, see Matthew Dallek,
The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan’s First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). On welfare politics in this era, see Michael Katz,
In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America
(New York: Basic Books, 1986).
    2 . For “most often collides …,” see “Secretary of Collision,” editorial,
New York Times
, October 3, 1985, A26; See Robert C. Smith, “The Ascendancy of Ronald Reagan and the Parts Played by Ideology and Race,” and “The Reagan Presidency and Race,” in
Conservatism and Racism: And Why in America They Are the Same
(Albany: SUNY Press, 2010). See also Dan Carter,
From George Wallace to Newt Gingrich: Race in the Conservative Counterrevolution, 1963–1994
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 1996).
    3 . For “weed[ing] out ineligible …,” see Memo, July 9, 1981 from John Svahn to Richard Kusserow, entry UD-07W entry 1, Office of the Commissioner, Executive Secretariat, correspondence files, 1981, FRC box 2 of 1, National Archives and Records Administration, Social Security Archives, RG 47; for Peter Ferrara comments, see “Collection: Anderson, Martin Files,” CFOA 89, box 5, folder 16 of 20, Office of Policy Development, Ronald Reagan Library. See also Peter Ferrara,
Critical Issues: Social Security Reform
(Washington, D.C.: