Divided we Fail by Sarah Garland

Administration, 63, 64
    Fenderson, Harold, 11, 132, 137–38, 167–68, 179–81, 187
    Fern Creek High School, 18, 97, 111, 142–43, 221n1
    Florence, Alabama, 39
    Ford, Gerald, 90
    Fourteenth Amendment, U.S. Constitution, ix, 144–45, 149, 152–53, 169
    Freedom School, 188
    functional illiteracy, 104
    Garvey, Marcus, 26, 37, 69, 85–86, 96
    gender integration, 52
    gerrymandering school zones, 86
    gifted and talented programs: absence of, 6; black students and, 166, 169, 191; racial disparity in, 24, 166, 169, 191; racial guideline exemption of, 15; traditional schools and, 174; white students and, 102, 114.
See also
Advance Program tracks
    Ginsberg, Ruth Bader, 184–85
    Goodwin, Beverly, 6–7
    Gordon, James: busing plan of, 89, 94, 95, 110; early years of, 87; personality of, 87–88; school desegregation cases and, 88, 89, 90, 94
    Gordon, Teddy B.: appearance of, 136; early years of, 135, 136–37; Harold Fenderson case and, 180–81; first
Hampton
case and, 135–39, 143–44, 145–49, 150–51, 152–54, 158, 159; McFarland case and, 173–76, 177–78, 181–82;
Meredith
case and, 173–76, 177–78, 181–85, 186–87, 189; political career of, 137; professional experience of, 135–36; second
Hampton
case and, 160–63, 164–65, 166–70, 178, 179, 187; 2011 pupil reassignment plan lawsuit and, 190–91
    Gratz v. Bollinger
, 175–76
    Graves, Bob, 82–83
    Grayson, Ernest, 100–101
    Great Depression, 37, 41, 63
    Great Migration, 33–34, 37, 42, 75
    Greensboro, North Carolina, 57
    Greenville, South Carolina, 155
    Green v. New Kent County
, 78–79, 80
    Grubbs, Milliard, 48, 53, 54
    Grutter v. Bollinger
, 176, 182
    Hampton, Sandra, 133, 138
    Hampton v. Jefferson County Board of Education
, ix–x, 132–33, 135–39, 143–54, 158–70, 179, 187
    Hanushek, Eric, 183
    harassment.
See
racial harassment and intimidation
    Harlan, John, 47, 187
    Harvard Graduate School of Education, 196
    Hawkins, Sam, 70, 71–72
    Haycraft, John, 83–84
    Haycraft v. Board of Education
, 83–84, 88, 89
    Hays, Rutherford, 31
    HEW (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare), 77, 78, 81–82, 85
    Heyburn, John G.:
Hampton
case and, 139, 140–41, 144–49, 150, 152–54, 161–62, 166–70, 179;
McFarland
case and, 175–76, 178;
Meredith
case and, 175–76, 178, 181; 2011 pupil reassignment plan lawsuit and, 190–91
    Hill, Anita, 120
    Hilliard, Clara, 138
    Hoblitzell, Bruce, 59
    Hooper, Sara Jo, 102
    Hopkinsville High School, 109
    Hopson, Dejuan, 3, 5
    Hopson, Dionne: activism of, 28; Central High admissions efforts of, 2–3, 8, 10, 11–12, 27, 150; on discrimination, 192; elementary school experience of, 5–7, 14; as
Hampton
lawsuit plaintiff, 133,143, 145–46, 170; high school experience of, 138, 143, 152, 170, 192–93; loss of her father, 8, 10–11, 70, 192; middle school experience of, 7–8; personality of, 4, 10–11; racial harassment of, 7–8
    Hopson, Gwendolyn “Gwen”: activism of, 27–28; early years of, 4–5, 9–10; as education activist, 9, 12; education of, 3, 8–9, 67; as
Hampton
lawsuit plaintiff, 133, 138, 143, 169–70; as a parent, 3–4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12
    Hopson, Thurman, 3, 8, 10
    housing: discrimination, 21, 44–45, 48–49, 58–59, 63–65, 96–97; integration, 21, 44–45, 48–49, 58–59, 63–65, 68, 198; low-income, 86; segregation, 43, 44–45, 48–49, 88, 96–97
    Houston, Charles, 43
    â€œHow to Integrate” (
Time
), 55
    Hurricane Katrina, 195
    Hyde County, North Carolina, 50
    illiteracy, functional, 104
    incentive programs, 126, 127, 128–30
    income-based student assignment plans, 189–90
    Independent Voters Association, 39
    Ingwerson, Don Wayne: early years of, 101; incentive plan, 126, 127, 128–30; magnet school plan,