Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre by Jonathan Israel Page A
Authors: Jonathan Israel
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Briefly imprisoned under the Terror, was held for much longer by the Thermidorians (from September 1794 to October 1795). Avoided Babeuf’s conspiracy; after Brumaire, became a staunch Bonapartiste.
Vatar, René (1773–1842), Breton printer, journalist, and owner of the Journal des Hommes Libres de tous les pays, ou le Républicain (1796–97), a democrat and prominent opponent of the Directory associated with the Babeuf conspiracy. Acquitted in 1797, was later banished to Cayenne for opposing Napoleon’s dictatorship, but escaped and stayed some years in the United States.
Vergniaud, Pierre-Victurnien (1753–1793), prominent in the legislature from October 1791 as a republican orator, delivered powerful radical speeches denouncing émigré aristocrats and refractory priests. Allied to Brissot, among the leaders of the 20 June and 10 August 1792 risings and main advocates of political rights for free blacks and mulattoes. Refused to flee from Paris after the coup of 2 June. Guillotined with Brissot on 31 October 1793.
Villette, Charles, marquis de (1736–1793), protégé of Voltaire, leading promoter of Voltaire’s reputation during the Revolution, and renowned antagonist of priests and parlementaires. Advocated admitting women, married and unmarried, to the primary assemblies and was publicly ridiculed for championing what today would be called gay rights, as well as those of the illegitimate. Vehement opponent of the Montagne in Paris, died before the Terror; his famously beautiful wife remained imprisoned throughout the Terror and Thermidorian reaction.
Vincent, François-Nicolas (1767–1794), son of a Paris jailer, a lawyer’s clerk before the Revolution, among the Cordeliers’ leading orators and a principal ally of Hébert, Momoro, and Ronsin. Appointed general secretary of the war ministry, turned the ministry into a bastion of Hébertisme during 1792–93. A vigorous advocate of de-Christianization. Guillotined with Hébert on 24 March 1794.
Volney, Constantin François de Chasseboeuf, comte de (1757–1820), atheist, materialist and philosophe, a leader of the antiaristocratic agitation in Brittany in 1788–89, and the antiaristocratic offensive in the Estates-General in 1789. His Les Ruines (1791) figured among the chief Radical Enlightenment philosophicalworks written during and about the Revolution. Director-general of commerce and agriculture in Corsica in 1792–93, was imprisoned under the Terror. Among the leading Idéologues during the late 1790s.
Wedekind, Georg Christian (1761–1831), court physician of the Elector of Mainz, leading German republican and revolutionary journalist, a founder of the Mainz Jacobins and of the 1792–93 Rhenish Republic. Prominently contributed to the propagation of revolutionary values, among the first outspoken advocates of democracy and general emancipation in Germany.
Bibliography
ABBREVIATIONS
Journals
AHR : American Historical Review
AHRF : Annales historiques de la Révolution française
FHS : French Historical Studies
JMH : The Journal of Modern History
Archive and Library Collections
BHP pamph.: Bibiliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, collection of revolutionary pamphlets
BL: British Library, London, collection of revolutionary pamphlets
BN pamph.: Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, collection of revolutionary pamphlets
GSAC: General State Archives, Corfu, Old Fort
PFL pamph.: Princeton, Firestone Library, revolutionary pamphlets
PRIMARY SOURCES
Actes de la Commune de Paris pendant la Révolution . Ed. Sigismond Lacroix. Series 1 (7 vols., Paris, 1894–99) and series 2 (7 vols., Paris, 1900–1909).
Albouys, Barthélemy. Principes constitutionnels, présentés à la Convention nationale . Paris, 1793.
Al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman. History of the French Occupation of Egypt, 1798. Trans. Shmuel Moreh. Princeton, 1993.
Anecdotes curieuses et peu connues sur différentes personnages qui ont joué un rôle dans la Révolution . BHP
Vatar, René (1773–1842), Breton printer, journalist, and owner of the Journal des Hommes Libres de tous les pays, ou le Républicain (1796–97), a democrat and prominent opponent of the Directory associated with the Babeuf conspiracy. Acquitted in 1797, was later banished to Cayenne for opposing Napoleon’s dictatorship, but escaped and stayed some years in the United States.
Vergniaud, Pierre-Victurnien (1753–1793), prominent in the legislature from October 1791 as a republican orator, delivered powerful radical speeches denouncing émigré aristocrats and refractory priests. Allied to Brissot, among the leaders of the 20 June and 10 August 1792 risings and main advocates of political rights for free blacks and mulattoes. Refused to flee from Paris after the coup of 2 June. Guillotined with Brissot on 31 October 1793.
Villette, Charles, marquis de (1736–1793), protégé of Voltaire, leading promoter of Voltaire’s reputation during the Revolution, and renowned antagonist of priests and parlementaires. Advocated admitting women, married and unmarried, to the primary assemblies and was publicly ridiculed for championing what today would be called gay rights, as well as those of the illegitimate. Vehement opponent of the Montagne in Paris, died before the Terror; his famously beautiful wife remained imprisoned throughout the Terror and Thermidorian reaction.
Vincent, François-Nicolas (1767–1794), son of a Paris jailer, a lawyer’s clerk before the Revolution, among the Cordeliers’ leading orators and a principal ally of Hébert, Momoro, and Ronsin. Appointed general secretary of the war ministry, turned the ministry into a bastion of Hébertisme during 1792–93. A vigorous advocate of de-Christianization. Guillotined with Hébert on 24 March 1794.
Volney, Constantin François de Chasseboeuf, comte de (1757–1820), atheist, materialist and philosophe, a leader of the antiaristocratic agitation in Brittany in 1788–89, and the antiaristocratic offensive in the Estates-General in 1789. His Les Ruines (1791) figured among the chief Radical Enlightenment philosophicalworks written during and about the Revolution. Director-general of commerce and agriculture in Corsica in 1792–93, was imprisoned under the Terror. Among the leading Idéologues during the late 1790s.
Wedekind, Georg Christian (1761–1831), court physician of the Elector of Mainz, leading German republican and revolutionary journalist, a founder of the Mainz Jacobins and of the 1792–93 Rhenish Republic. Prominently contributed to the propagation of revolutionary values, among the first outspoken advocates of democracy and general emancipation in Germany.
Bibliography
ABBREVIATIONS
Journals
AHR : American Historical Review
AHRF : Annales historiques de la Révolution française
FHS : French Historical Studies
JMH : The Journal of Modern History
Archive and Library Collections
BHP pamph.: Bibiliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, collection of revolutionary pamphlets
BL: British Library, London, collection of revolutionary pamphlets
BN pamph.: Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, collection of revolutionary pamphlets
GSAC: General State Archives, Corfu, Old Fort
PFL pamph.: Princeton, Firestone Library, revolutionary pamphlets
PRIMARY SOURCES
Actes de la Commune de Paris pendant la Révolution . Ed. Sigismond Lacroix. Series 1 (7 vols., Paris, 1894–99) and series 2 (7 vols., Paris, 1900–1909).
Albouys, Barthélemy. Principes constitutionnels, présentés à la Convention nationale . Paris, 1793.
Al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman. History of the French Occupation of Egypt, 1798. Trans. Shmuel Moreh. Princeton, 1993.
Anecdotes curieuses et peu connues sur différentes personnages qui ont joué un rôle dans la Révolution . BHP
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