been brought, demolished and removed; likewise the
salade verte
, and the three of them were doing their seriously diminished best with the cheese course.
After a long, meditative lull in the conversation, Joly, first asking Julie's permission, lit his first Gitane of the evening. "And this is so very important?" he finally said as smoke swirled from his mouth and nostrils. "The making of a necklace?"
Gideon washed down a sliver of cheese—Géromé, according to Joly with a sip from his wineglass, now filled with a dry red Bergerac. "You better believe it. To put it simply, the making of decorative objects is one of the things that makes us unique, a convenient dividing line between human beings and everything else that's ever lived. Apes don't do it, monkeys don't do it,
Homo erectus
didn't do it; only
Homo sapiens
does it. So if you can establish that the Neanderthals did too, that pretty much means you have to classify them as one of us; not
Homo neanderthalensis
, a separate species of their own, but
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
, a fully human subspecies, a kind of race."
"I see," Joly said. "Then I assume these bones caused a considerable uproar among those interested in such things?"
"Are you kidding? Once the news got out, it split the whole world of Middle and Upper Paleolithic anthropologists—"
"All eleven of them," Julie said, then quickly held up her hands: "I apologize, I couldn't help myself."
"—into two warring camps. The institute staff themselves were split right down the middle. Some people flat-out refused to believe it, some even came pretty close to calling Ely Carpenter a faker, but his defenders were just as adamant, and the Old Man of Tayac—
le Vieux de Tayac
—carried the day."
"Carpenter," Joly said, tipping his head back to expel a lungful of smoke. "Not 'Carpentier'? He wasn't a Frenchman?"
"No, he was an American, but he'd lived in France for a long time, a decade or more."
"And he himself was the perpetrator?" Joly asked.
"Nobody knows," Gideon said. "He denied it, of course, but he came in for a lot of abuse and ridicule. So did the institute, even though they didn't really have any part in it. Even today some people think Carpenter was responsible, some people think he was duped. Either way, he was thoroughly disgraced."
"Which do
you
think he was," Julie asked, "duper or dupee? You haven't said."
"I think he was duped. Sure, he might have
wanted
something like this to be true, but from what I know about him he wasn't the kind of guy to try to falsify the archaeological record. Besides, it was such a primitive kind of fake; someone with Carpenter's credentials would've been able to pull off something a lot more sophisticated, a lot harder to detect."
"How was it done?" Joly asked.
"The holes in the bones were made with an electric drill bit—which, I should point out, was not found in your standard Middle Paleolithic tool kit—and then stained with something so that they didn't look freshly made. That was it." Somebody like Carpenter would have
known
it was only a question of time before someone saw through it."
"And afterwards," Joly asked, "what happened to him?"
"Oh, about what you'd expect. His reputation was in shreds of course, and from what I understand he got a little paranoid about it; kind of wacky. In the end, he had to resign, of course."
"And now where is he?"
"No place he can be reached, I'm afraid. He was an amateur pilot, he had his own plane, and he crashed it not too long afterwards; up in Brittany."
Joly glazed at the beamed ceiling for a while, smoking placidly. "If he was so good a scientist," he said, watching the blue-gray tendrils spiral slowly up to be torn apart in the breeze, "and if the hoax was so primitive, how was it that he was taken in?"
"That's the question, all right. It's one of the things I'll be tackling in the book."
"And who did the taking in?" Julie added.
Gideon nodded. "Yup, that's also the question. A man named Jacques
salade verte
, and the three of them were doing their seriously diminished best with the cheese course.
After a long, meditative lull in the conversation, Joly, first asking Julie's permission, lit his first Gitane of the evening. "And this is so very important?" he finally said as smoke swirled from his mouth and nostrils. "The making of a necklace?"
Gideon washed down a sliver of cheese—Géromé, according to Joly with a sip from his wineglass, now filled with a dry red Bergerac. "You better believe it. To put it simply, the making of decorative objects is one of the things that makes us unique, a convenient dividing line between human beings and everything else that's ever lived. Apes don't do it, monkeys don't do it,
Homo erectus
didn't do it; only
Homo sapiens
does it. So if you can establish that the Neanderthals did too, that pretty much means you have to classify them as one of us; not
Homo neanderthalensis
, a separate species of their own, but
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
, a fully human subspecies, a kind of race."
"I see," Joly said. "Then I assume these bones caused a considerable uproar among those interested in such things?"
"Are you kidding? Once the news got out, it split the whole world of Middle and Upper Paleolithic anthropologists—"
"All eleven of them," Julie said, then quickly held up her hands: "I apologize, I couldn't help myself."
"—into two warring camps. The institute staff themselves were split right down the middle. Some people flat-out refused to believe it, some even came pretty close to calling Ely Carpenter a faker, but his defenders were just as adamant, and the Old Man of Tayac—
le Vieux de Tayac
—carried the day."
"Carpenter," Joly said, tipping his head back to expel a lungful of smoke. "Not 'Carpentier'? He wasn't a Frenchman?"
"No, he was an American, but he'd lived in France for a long time, a decade or more."
"And he himself was the perpetrator?" Joly asked.
"Nobody knows," Gideon said. "He denied it, of course, but he came in for a lot of abuse and ridicule. So did the institute, even though they didn't really have any part in it. Even today some people think Carpenter was responsible, some people think he was duped. Either way, he was thoroughly disgraced."
"Which do
you
think he was," Julie asked, "duper or dupee? You haven't said."
"I think he was duped. Sure, he might have
wanted
something like this to be true, but from what I know about him he wasn't the kind of guy to try to falsify the archaeological record. Besides, it was such a primitive kind of fake; someone with Carpenter's credentials would've been able to pull off something a lot more sophisticated, a lot harder to detect."
"How was it done?" Joly asked.
"The holes in the bones were made with an electric drill bit—which, I should point out, was not found in your standard Middle Paleolithic tool kit—and then stained with something so that they didn't look freshly made. That was it." Somebody like Carpenter would have
known
it was only a question of time before someone saw through it."
"And afterwards," Joly asked, "what happened to him?"
"Oh, about what you'd expect. His reputation was in shreds of course, and from what I understand he got a little paranoid about it; kind of wacky. In the end, he had to resign, of course."
"And now where is he?"
"No place he can be reached, I'm afraid. He was an amateur pilot, he had his own plane, and he crashed it not too long afterwards; up in Brittany."
Joly glazed at the beamed ceiling for a while, smoking placidly. "If he was so good a scientist," he said, watching the blue-gray tendrils spiral slowly up to be torn apart in the breeze, "and if the hoax was so primitive, how was it that he was taken in?"
"That's the question, all right. It's one of the things I'll be tackling in the book."
"And who did the taking in?" Julie added.
Gideon nodded. "Yup, that's also the question. A man named Jacques
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