The Greek & Latin Roots of English by Tamara M. Green

Verb
English Meaning
English Derivative Form
English Meaning
caedo-caedere-caesum
kill
-cide
killer, killed
facio-facere-factum
make
-fact
made
fero-ferre-latum
carry, bear
-fer
carrier
voro-vorare-voratum
eat
-vore
eater
    Examples
     
Latin Noun
English Meaning
English Derivative Form
English Noun
English Adjective
frater, fratris
brother
-cide
fratricide
fratricidal
ars, artis
skill
-fact
artifact
artificial
conus, coni
cone
-fer
conifer
coniferous
caro, carnis
flesh
-vore
carnivore
carnivorous
What Do You Call That Word?
All the terms used to describe the parts of speech in English are derived from Latin roots.
 
noun = a word referring to a person, place, thing, state, or quality (nomen, nominis = name).
verb = a word that expresses, action, existence, or occurrence (verbum, verbi = word).
adjective = a word that modifies, or qualifies, a noun (adjicio-adjicere-adjectum = add to).
adverb = a word that modifies or qualifies a verb or adjective.
preposition = a word placed before a noun to form a phrase that modifies another noun, adjective, or verb (praepono-proponere-praepositum = place before).
conjunction = a connector between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences (conjun- go-conjungere-conjunctum = join together).
Gender Differences
Gender is a grammatical category that is used to classify nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (and in some languages, verbs). In the Romance languages, the gender of nouns can be determined by their articles (the) . These articles are derived from the masculine and feminine forms of the Latin demonstrative adjective ille, illa = that
     
Latin
Spanish
French
Italian
ille = that (man)
el
le
il
illa = that (woman)
la
la
la
What Does That Mean?
Sometimes an English word will retain its singular and plural Latin endings when it comes into English. For example, the Latin verb ago-agere produces agenda, which literally means “the things that are to be done,” while erro-errare-erratum (wander, go astray) gives us erratum (singular) and errata (plural). How are these words used in English?

 
Anglo-Saxon Suffixes
Not all English suffixes are Greek or Latin in origin. Old English (Anglo-Saxon) has left its mark on the formation of modern English vocabulary as well.
     
Old English Suffix
English Meaning
Example
-ard
possessor of
dullard
-er, -ster
agent
doer, gangster
-less
without
toothless
-ful
full of
truthful
-some
full of
quarrelsome, toothsome
-ish
somewhat
foolish
-ness
quality of, state of
happiness, largeness
-dom
state of being, domain of
kingdom, martyrdom
-hood
state, condition, character
motherhood, neighborhood
-ship
state, condition, character
kingship, kinship

NAME _______________________________________________________
A. What English adjectives are derived from the following Latin nouns? What is the current meaning of each adjective? Use the endings in section I of this chapter. If necessary, consult an unabridged English dictionary.
    Examples
     
Latin Noun
English Meaning
English Adjective
Current Usage
vulgus, vulgi
crowd
vulgar
crude, unrefined
> vulgaris
 
 
 
puer, pueri
boy
puerile
immature, childish
> puerilis
 
 
 
     
Latin Noun
English Meaning
English Adjective
Current Usage
      1. tempus, temporis
time
________________
________________
      2. mundus, mundi
world
________________
________________
      3. populus, populi
people
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________________
      4. corpus, corporis
body
________________
________________
      5. miles, militis
soldier
________________
________________
      6. fabula, fabulae
story
________________
________________
      7. lex, legis
law
________________
________________
      8. nomen, nominis
name
________________
________________
      9. ops, opis
wealth, power
________________
________________
     10. verbum, verbi
word
________________
________________
     11. stella, stellae
star
________________
________________
B. Which English nouns are derived